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Date: April 29, 2024 Mon
Time: 8:13 pm
Time: 8:13 pm
Results for crime prevention through environmental design
8 results foundAuthor: La Vigne, Nancy G. Title: Evaluation of Target's Safe City Initiative: Implementing Public-Private Partnerships to Address Crime in Retail Settings Summary: This report presents results from an evaluation of the Safe City Initiative. Launched by the Target Corporation in 2003, the goal of Safe City is to partner local law enforcement with retailers and community leaders to increase public safety. The evaluation, which employed surveys of businesses, Difference-in-Differences analyses of reported crime data, and cost-benefit analyses, found increases in perceptions of safety among businesses in the designated Safe City area and cost-effective reductions in crime in two of the four sites. In one site, however, crime reductions were limited to specific crimes and coincided with increases in other types of crimes. Details: Washington, DC: Urban Institute, Justice Policy Center, 2010. 323p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 24, 2010 at: http://www.urban.org/uploadedpdf/412081-safe-city-initiative.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://www.urban.org/uploadedpdf/412081-safe-city-initiative.pdf Shelf Number: 119677 Keywords: Crime PreventionCrime Prevention through Environmental DesignPublic-Private PartnershipsRetail Crime |
Author: Welsh, Brandon C. Title: Effectiveness of Public Area Surveillance for Crime Prevention: Security Guards, Place Managers and Defensible Space Summary: This report presents a systematic review of the effects of surveillance of public spaces by security guards, place mangers and measures to stimulate so called defensible space. Studies were included in these systematic reviews if the surveillance measure in question (i.e., security guards, place managers, and defensible space) was the main focus of the intervention; if there was an outcome measure of crime; if the evaluation design was of high methodological quality, with the minimum design involving before-and-after measures of crime in experimental and comparable control areas; and if the total number of crimes in each area before the intervention was at least 20. The reviews revealed generally encouraging results across the three different types of public area surveillance. There is fairly strong and consistent evidence that the defensible space technique of street closures or barricades is effective in preventing crime in inner-city neighborhoods. Less conclusive statements can be made about the effectiveness of security guards and place managers. This has everything to do with the small number of high quality evaluations that have been carried out on these measures. In the case of security guards, the weight of the evidence suggests that it is a promising technique of formal surveillance when implemented in car parks and targeted at vehicle crimes. The surveillance technique of place managers appears to be of unknown effectiveness in preventing crime in public places. Implications for policy and research are explored. Details: Stockholm: Brottsforebyggande radet (Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention), 2010. 45p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 25, 2010 at: http://www.bra.se/extra/measurepoint/?module_instance=4&name=Effectiviness_of_Public_Area_Surveillance_for_Crime_Prevention.pdf&url=/dynamaster/file_archive/100309/0a3ceabb221375f51f9a82824942a662/Effectiviness%255fof%255fPublic%255fArea%255fSurveillance%255ffor%255fCrime%255fPrevention.pdf Year: 2010 Country: International URL: http://www.bra.se/extra/measurepoint/?module_instance=4&name=Effectiviness_of_Public_Area_Surveillance_for_Crime_Prevention.pdf&url=/dynamaster/file_archive/100309/0a3ceabb221375f51f9a82824942a662/Effectiviness%255fof%255fPub Shelf Number: 119684 Keywords: AggressionCrime PreventionCrime Prevention through Environmental DesignDrug Abuse and AddictionDrug Abuse and CrimeMethamphetamine (Australia)Private SecuritySurveillance |
Author: Kole, Olaotse John Title: An Examination of Security Measures for the Protection of Petrol Stations: An Anslysis of Case Studies in Gauteng Summary: Security measures need to be put in place in order to deal with any security weaknesses that might occur or be observed. Care should be taken when addressing any crime or loss problem in any organisation, in this research study more specifically: petrol stations. It is clear that because of their diverse locations petrol stations have different levels of risks, e.g. low, medium and/or high risks. The study explored many issues including, among the others: security measures; petrol stations’ busiest times; vulnerable assets at petrol stations. Details: Pretoria, South Africa: University of South Africa, 2010. 226p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed May 5, 2011 at: http://uir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/3847 Year: 2010 Country: South Africa URL: http://uir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/3847 Shelf Number: 121654 Keywords: Crime PreventionCrime Prevention through Environmental DesignFuel TheftGasoline StationsPetrol TheftSecurityTheft (South Africa) |
Author: Apps, Joel Title: Residential Burglary in Guelph: Looking at the Physical and Social Predictors of Break and Enters Summary: The rate of residential break and enters in Canada has been declining according to official statistics, but has increased according to self reports of victims. Since the 1970s, considerable attention has been given to preventing break and enters by altering the physical environment. However, studies that assess the effects of physical design have produced mixed results. The data for this study were drawn from Guelph Police Service break and enter records, and property site assessments were performed using Google Earth and Street View. Drawing from rational choice and routine activities perspectives, physical and social features of burgled and non-burgled single detached dwellings were assessed to determine which features predicted break and enter victimization. Results suggest little empirical support for place-based crime prevention strategies such as Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design. Details: Guelph, ONT: University of Guelph, 2012. 133p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed September 21, 2012 at: http://dspace.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10214/3866/ETD%20submission%20Apps,%20Joel.pdf?sequence=1 Year: 2012 Country: Canada URL: http://dspace.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10214/3866/ETD%20submission%20Apps,%20Joel.pdf?sequence=1 Shelf Number: 126393 Keywords: Breaking and EnteringCrime Prevention through Environmental DesignDesign Against CrimeResidential Burglary (Canada) |
Author: Brown, Radhika Title: Getting Safety on Track. Expanding Edmonton's LRT Design Guidelines to Improve Women's Perceptions of Safety at Transit Stations Summary: People base their travel choices on their perceptions of personal safety in environments such as transit stations. Women are more likely to perceive public spaces as threatening and they use public transit more than men, to access fundamental needs such as employment, childcare, education and healthcare. Effective design can reduce crime and fear by creating defensible spaces that assert ownership, and offer opportunities for natural surveillance. This is the underlying concept of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED). Creating transit stations that make users feel safe could potentially increase use of public transit among women, particularly at off-peak hours. Identifying elements that affect women's feelings of safety in suburban (non-central) surface LRT stations in Edmonton can guide future station development, and reduce experiences of fear in existing stations for a safer and more inclusive transit system. The aim of this study is to determine how the City of Edmonton can better address women's safety in suburban (non-central) surface LRT stations through expanding their existing design guidelines to incorporate both CPTED guidelines as well as additional elements addressed by the safety audit checklist provided in the City of Edmonton's Safety Audit Guide for Crime Prevention (2000). The main questions guiding research are: 1. In what ways do the City of Edmonton's existing LRT Design Guidelines for Edmonton Transit System (ETS) incorporate CPTED guidelines, if at all? 2. What are the similarities and differences between the CPTED guidelines and the criteria that enhance safety in public spaces as noted in the Safety Audit Guide for Crime Prevention developed by the City of Edmonton, which is based on the Metropolitan Action Committee on Violence Against Women and Children (METRAC) Women's Safety Audit Guide? 3. How can the City of Edmonton's LRT Design Guidelines be expanded to enhance women's safety at above-ground suburban light-rail transit stations? The research involved a review of the published literature on gendered fear of crime in public spaces, the relationship of the built environment to perceptions of safety, and situational crime prevention. This was followed by a document review of the City of Edmonton's LRT Design Guidelines for Edmonton Transit System (ETS) (2011), as well as CPTED guidelines from the existing literature. A safety audit was undertaken using the a slightly modified version of the Checklist of Safety Audit for Crime Prevention in the City of Edmonton's Safety Audit Guide for Crime Prevention (2000). The key CPTED principles of natural surveillance, territorial definition, compatible building placement, and building form formed the broad framework under which the specific concerns addressed by the safety audit were classified. The findings of the safety audits conducted at Clareview and Century Park stations showed that there had been some, but not full, integration of CPTED principles in the design and upkeep of these stations. The newer Century Park station benefitted from the transparency resulting from the extensive use of glass in the building, and offered better natural surveillance opportunities than the older Clareview station which used concrete and had no windows on the lower level. Century Park was also noticeably better-maintained than Clareview, where signs of vandalism, disrepair, and poor maintenance contributed to feelings of insecurity. Both stations were fairly isolated at night, due to lack of activity-generating land uses in the immediate area of the station. The findings of the safety audit emphasize the importance of natural surveillance and territorial definition (maintenance and defensibility of space) in creating feelings of safety in transit users. Recommendations were formulated based on the findings of the safety audits: Conduct safety audits at all LRT stations. The results of these safety audits could then inform the design of future LRT stations in the expanding network, and provide a CPTED framework that is better tailored to the specific opportunities and challenges of the Edmonton transit system. Details: Kingston, ONT: School of Urban and Regional Planning, Queen's University, 2013. 77p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed November 13, 2014 at: http://qspace.library.queensu.ca/bitstream/1974/8328/1/Brown_Radhika_201309_MPL.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Canada URL: http://qspace.library.queensu.ca/bitstream/1974/8328/1/Brown_Radhika_201309_MPL.pdf Shelf Number: 134081 Keywords: Crime PreventionCrime Prevention Through Environmental DesignDesign Against CrimeFear of CrimeTransit Crime (Canada)Transit SafetyTransportation Security |
Author: Iqbal, Asifa Title: Assessment of crime and safety issues in parks Summary: The aim of the thesis is to obtain a better understanding of the importance of parks for urban quality, particularly for safety. This is achieved in two ways; first, by assessing parks' impact on the perceived quality of the urban environment (whether it is incorporated into housing prices or not) in Stockholm. Second, the study investigates whether safety in parks may be assessed using principles of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) using a high-crime park in Stockholm's inner city. The thesis starts with an introduction to the theme, with a brief discussion of background theory, literature review, the study area and the methods. Then, it reports the results of the articles included in the thesis and discusses their main contributions to the field of research. A mixed methods approach utilizes both quantitative and qualitative data analysis. Regression models and a Geographic Information System (GIS) were used in Paper I, which aims to clarify how park proximity affects housing prices and, when considering residential properties and park type, how crime rates in parks affect housing prices. Findings show that the further away an apartment is located from a park, the higher the discount on its price effect, but this effect (dependent on the park type), as an accumulated measure of parks, lowers prices or is negligible. Paper II assesses the use and adequacy of CPTED principles to guide the assessment of safety conditions of an urban park. The historical development of CPTED is presented followed by an analysis of a case study, Tantolunden, in Stockholm. Site observations, crime mapping, people count and interviews were conducted. Results show many entrances in this particular park defy the principles of access control and in turn impose limitations on park maintenance. Findings also show that interrupted sight lines create limited surveillance. The paper concludes by identifying the potentialities and challenges of CPTED principles when applied to safety in parks. Findings presented in this thesis are relevant for many stakeholders in society as results show the variation in crime and safety in urban parks, and the way they can be assessed and tackled. Details: Stockholm: Royal Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and the Built Environment, Department of Real Estate and Construction Management, 2015. 35p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 30, 2017 at: http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:861815/FULLTEXT04 Year: 2015 Country: Sweden URL: http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:861815/FULLTEXT04 Shelf Number: 146422 Keywords: Crime MappingCrime Prevention Through Environmental DesignDesign Against CrimeGeographic Information System (GIS)High Crime AreasParksUrban Areas |
Author: United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) Title: New Energy for Urban Security: Improving Urban Security Through Green Environmental Design Summary: The joint UNICRI-MIT Senseable City Lab Report is a manual for a green and digitally enhanced environmental design that addresses issues related to cities. It provides an index of strategies, which have a direct or indirect impact on a city's image making it appear as a safer and more secure environment. Each section of the report identifies a particular urban challenge that needs to be addressed through environmental design, providing a set of guidelines that are both green and digitally enhanced to provide solutions to these challenges, and concludes with a list of actual or potential projects that deploy, in part, the proposed guidelines, demonstrating their prospective effectiveness. The Report analyses the inter-dependencies that exist between ecology, green urban design and security of both the citizen and the urban environment in general. The analysis commences by setting out CPTED theory, which, although currently adopted by municipalities, is not geared toward taking into account advances in technology and the ecological and the environmental impacts on urban life. The Report proposes a third generation of CPTED, designed to take into account the rapid development resulting from new technologies and the digital age - all of which signal revolutionising how we approach urban safety and security. Third-generation CPTED, as presented in the Report, envisages a green and sustainable approach to enhance the living standards of urbanites, as well as to improve the image of cities as user-friendly, safe, and secure. It focuses on a particular sort of spatial democracy and transparency, characterized by the use of solid infrastructures and solutions, along with situated technologies. Moreover, building on the potential of online social networks, third-generation CPTED aims to create a sense of belonging and membership to a greater community by soliciting citizen engagement and participation in improving urban living conditions. The revision of existing CPTED theory, i.e. the third generation CPTED - as set out in the report - proposes that the physical make-up of a city is designed according to the following recommendations: Integrating a sufficient amount of public spaces into the fabric of the city to provide appropriate settings for collective activities and gatherings; Integrating sufficient green spaces of various scales, including street vegetation, vertical green facades, green roofs, public gardens, and neighbourhood and city-scale parks; Fostering new developments that target mixed and balanced communities in terms of income level, social status, ethnicity, demographics, and tenure; Supporting new developments and revitalization projects that aim to create new spaces, or re-structure existing neighbourhoods as mixed-use instead of single-use; Optimizing the urban removal chain in terms of sewage management and garbage collection, taking into account technologies and cultural practices regarding recycling and grey water treatment; Enhancing natural surveillance by providing sufficient street lighting at night, securing the required level of occupation and usage at all times; Ensuring that no place in the city is a terrain-vague, i.e. a place with no institutional supervision; Promoting revitalization and redevelopment projects that focus on grey or brown sites - sites previously accommodating hazardous industries, or sites that are devastated by natural disasters or violent conflicts, or sites that have been previously occupied and are currently vacant due to economic or socio-cultural reasons; Providing sufficient and effective public transportation infrastructure that not only contributes to the well-being of citizens, but also traffic reduction, which has a direct impact on the psychological well-being of citizens; Allocating sufficient financial resources to the regular maintenance of civic spaces, including streetscapes and urban facades; Allocating sufficient financial and human resources for providing public education, particularly for the young urban population; Providing efficient regulations for the construction sector in terms of monitoring the structural integrity, energy efficiency, and quality of building proposals; Providing financial support and the macro and microeconomic infrastructure to assist the low-income urban population in home-ownership. The Report concludes by exploring the potential application of the proposed programme to crime prevention and the enhancement of the perception of safety in urban areas, which is identified as the third-generation of CPTED. Details: Torin, Italy: UNICRI, 2011. 67p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 5, 2017 at: http://www.unicri.it/news/files/2011-04-01_110414_CRA_Urban_Security_sm.pdf Year: 2011 Country: International URL: http://www.unicri.it/news/files/2011-04-01_110414_CRA_Urban_Security_sm.pdf Shelf Number: 145325 Keywords: CPTEDCrime PreventionCrime Prevention through Environmental DesignDesign against CrimeNeighborhoods and CrimeUrban Areas |
Author: Victoria. Parliament. Drugs and cRime Prevention Committee Title: Inquiry into the application of safer design principles and crime prevention through environmental design: final report Summary: The last few decades have witnessed a significant shift in how crime is controlled and managed. A range of developments, including the rise of private security, the strengthening of surveillance apparatuses, the emergence of risk analysis and management, and diverse crime prevention practices, are a feature of everyday life in state and private responses to crime. A movement known as crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) is part of the contemporary approach to crime prevention. CPTED is defined as 'the proper design and effective use of the built environment', which 'can lead to a reduction in the fear and incidence of crime, and an improvement in the quality of life' (Crowe 2000, p.46). The principles underpinning the Safer Design Guidelines for Victoria, the main focus of this Inquiry, are drawn from the key CPTED tenets. Crime is the result of many factors and cannot be simply prevented or reduced through the design of the physical environment. Nonetheless, the use of safer design principles is an important part of a suite of crime prevention strategies that include law enforcement, particularly proactive and specialist policing, education, and social development approaches. Certainly the most successful initiatives to incorporate environmental crime prevention measures are those based on holistic strategies that incorporate a wide range of measures and rely on collaborative multi-agency partnerships. The various means of achieving safer design include: restricting access to buildings; activating spaces to enhance the natural surveillance of an area; fixing and repairing damage to buildings to demonstrate capable guardianship; increasing ownership over areas so that proprietorial behaviour discourages unlawful behaviour; installing electronic forms of surveillance or engaging security personnel to monitor specific sites; and ensuring landscaping does not obscure sight-lines, so that people feel safe to use public spaces. Safer design principles and CPTED has gained increasing traction over the last few decades. Many police and local authority staff now receive Safer Design/CPTED training. Rating systems for various forms of development operate in some jurisdictions to quantify safety and security (for example, the Secured by Design accreditation scheme in the United Kingdom). CPTED practitioner professional associations have also emerged (for example, the International CPTED Association) and planning regimes in many countries incorporate safer design principles. In many jurisdictions the most obvious embodiment of CPTED is through the creation and ratification of specific design guidelines that influence the way that the built environment is developed. In Victoria the Department of Sustainability and Environment produced the Safer Design Guidelines for Victoria in 2005. Despite the Safer Design Guidelines for Victoria and the principles therein having been in place for eight years, there has been no evaluation of the Guidelines or their implementation and application, particularly by local government. Nor has the impact of these guidelines been thoroughly investigated. Without detailed evaluation or analysis it is therefore difficult to determine to what extent the Guidelines have been used and what impact they have had on local government planning activities or the work of the private property development industry. For this reason the Committee commissioned the Sydney Institute of Criminology, University of Sydney to design, conduct and analyse a survey of all local government municipalities in Victoria to gauge the extent to which local governments incorporate the Safer Design Guidelines for Victoria in local planning. Despite this lack of information, the Committee acknowledges, however, that there has been some good work done in applying the Safer Design Guidelines for Victoria and CPTED principles generally to local developments throughout the state, as demonstrated in several case studies included in this Report. In undertaking the Inquiry the Committee has examined the use of safer design principles and CPTED comparable to the Safer Design Guidelines for Victoria in interstate and overseas jurisdictions. The jurisdictions covered included New South Wales, Western Australia and Queensland in this country, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, the United States and New Zealand overseas. The lessons these states and countries have learned about how to apply CPTED and more importantly the pitfalls to avoid as a result of their experiences have been invaluable. During the course of the Inquiry the Committee became aware of a number of challenges that have prevented the Guidelines from being implemented to any significant degree. These challenges are documented extensively in Chapters 9 and 10. However, of particular concern was the finding from the survey that whilst a high percentage of respondents from local government authorities were aware of the Guidelines they were not applying them to either assess development applications that came before them or using them in developing their own local projects. Also of concern was the lack of awareness of the Guidelines by developers and other professional groups, identified during the Inquiry. To some extent this lack of awareness could be attributed to problems associated with language, in other words there were stakeholders aware of the general principles of CPTED but not necessarily of the Safer Design Guidelines for Victoria themselves. Conversely, other people may have had some awareness of the Guidelines but not of CPTED or related designing out crime principles Details: Melbourne: Drugs and Crime Prevention Committee, 2013. 444p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 13, 2017 at: https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/file_uploads/Drugs_and_Crime_Final_Report_5gMLfDXw.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/file_uploads/Drugs_and_Crime_Final_Report_5gMLfDXw.pdf Shelf Number: 131203 Keywords: CPTED Crime Prevention Crime Prevention through Environmental DesignDesign Against Crime |